(Bloomberg) — Federal Reserve Governor Michelle Bowman said she sees a number of upside risks to the inflation outlook, and reiterated the need to keep borrowing costs elevated for some time.
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“We are still not yet at the point where it is appropriate to lower the policy rate,” Bowman said in prepared remarks Tuesday in London. “Given the risks and uncertainties regarding my economic outlook, I will remain cautious in my approach to considering future changes in the stance of policy.”
Bowman identified several areas that could put upward pressure on prices.
She said the economy is unlikely to benefit from further supply-side improvements, citing pandemic-era supply chain disruptions that have largely resolved and limited growth in labor force participation in recent months.
Bowman noted the possibility of a more restrictive approach to immigration, which has helped boost labor supply and bring the jobs market into better balance. But she also indicated the inflow of immigrants to some geographic areas could put upward pressure on rental costs, given low inventories of affordable housing.
Bowman pointed to the US’s more open immigration policy as well as the size of fiscal support since the pandemic as potential reasons behind the differences between the US economy and other major economies in recent months.
She said tightness in the labor market leading to elevated wage growth, geopolitical developments, fiscal stimulus and a loosening in financial conditions are additional potential risks to the inflation outlook.
Officials have held interest rates at their highest level in more than two decades for nearly a year, and have pulled back their estimates for how many times they will cut borrowing costs this year.
“Reducing our policy rate too soon or too quickly could result in a rebound in inflation, requiring further future policy rate increases to return inflation to 2% over the longer run,” she said.
Reflecting Back
Bowman also reflected on the central bank’s delayed response to a surge in inflation in 2021. She pointed to the years of low inflation preceding the pandemic and subsequent revisions to data, but she also noted the role of a change in the Federal Open Market Committee’s monetary policy strategy in 2020.
“In my view, these factors, combined with new forward guidance introduced in the September and December 2020 FOMC statements following the revisions to the committee’s monetary policy strategy consensus statement in August 2020, contributed to a delay in the removal of monetary policy accommodation in 2021,” Bowman said.
The Fed is set to start another review of its framework later this year.
Bowman also repeated criticisms of US regulators’ bank capital proposal. She said the plan floated last July by the Fed and other financial regulators could have “very significant, detrimental impacts.”
That plan could prompt banks to pull back from some services and hit market liquidity, Bowman said.
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